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INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND SHIPPING

Abstract the shipping business is essential to the development of economic activities as international trade needs ships to transport cargoes from places of production to places of consumption. In this chapter we discuss several fundamental questions in the shipping business. These questions include the following: Why is there demand for shipping? What is a shipping system? Who are the actors in shipping? Broadly speaking, sea transport can be divided into tramp and liner shipping.  The purpose of tramp shipping is to provide convenient and economical transport for bulk cargoes that require cross-ocean movement. Bulk cargoes can be classified into dry bulk and liquid bulk. The demand for the transport of liquid bulk by sea is served mainly by the sector of tanker shipping. The main function of liner shipping is to satisfy the demand for regular cargo transport. Shipping and international trade are interrelated. This chapter also examines fundamental topics in the shi...
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MARINE INSURANCE

Introduction of the subject:  Importance of Marine insurance in commerce; Marine insurance plays a very important role in the field of overseas commerce and internal trade of a country. It is closely linked with Banking and Shipping. Banks generally finance the goods which are transported by ships or by other means of transport in the case of internal trade and Marine Insurance protects such goods against loss or damage. Without such protection the entire trade structure is bound to suffer.  Marine Insurance can be divided broadly into two groups   o Cargo Insurance     o Hull Insurance  As stated earlier, Marine Insurance is closely linked up with the trade of a country internal as well as international. A sale contract which is an essential feature in the trade involves a seller and a buyer, apart from the other parties like the carrier, the bank, and the clearing agent. Whether the insurance of the goods in transits is to be the respon...
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UNDERSTAND TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY SYSTEM

Is a sub-discipline of geography concerned about the mobility of people, freight and information. It seeks to understand the spatial organization of mobility by considering its attributes and constraints as they relate of the   origin, destination, extent, nature and purpose of movements. Transport geography can be understood from a series of core principles: - Transportation is the spatial linking of a  derived demand . - Distance  is a  relative concept  involving space, time and effort. - Space  is at the same time the generator, support and a constraint for mobility. - The relation between space and time can  converge  or diverge. - A location can be a central, where it generates and attract traffic, or an intermediate element where traffic transits through. - To overcome geography, transportation must consume space. - Transportation seeks  massification  but is con...
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