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UNDERSTAND TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY SYSTEM

Is a sub-discipline of geography concerned about the mobility of people, freight and information. It seeks to understand the spatial organization of mobility by considering its attributes and constraints as they relate of the   origin, destination, extent, nature and purpose of movements. Transport geography can be understood from a series of core principles: - Transportation is the spatial linking of a  derived demand . - Distance  is a  relative concept  involving space, time and effort. - Space  is at the same time the generator, support and a constraint for mobility. - The relation between space and time can  converge  or diverge. - A location can be a central, where it generates and attract traffic, or an intermediate element where traffic transits through. - To overcome geography, transportation must consume space. - Transportation seeks  massification  but is con...

UNDERSTAND THE GENERAL AVERAGE

GENERAL AVERAGE General average refers to those rules and principles of maritime law which govern the sharing of losses caused to the interests of ship and cargo by the intentional sacrifice of cargo or extraordinary expenditure by one or other of those interests in the face of exposure to a common danger . The concept of general average was known as early as 900 BC when under Rhodian Law it was provided that if one party’s cargo had to be jettisoned to save ship and cargo in a situation of common danger, the ship and remaining cargo had to contribute to those losses. A general average loss is said to give rise to the duty to make a general average contribution but the definition of loss and the extent of the duty have not been without controversy. While the laws of most mercantile States made (and make) provision in one form or another for general average, there were considerable divergences. In the second half of the 19th century various international efforts culminated in t...